Discussion: Fluid Imbalances Assignment

Discussion: Fluid Imbalances Assignment
Discussion: Fluid Imbalances Assignment
Your written assignment for this module should be a 1-2 page paper (not including title page and reference page) that describes the following:
Describe what a fluid and electrolyte imbalance is and how this is important to the function of the body?
Pick a fluid or electrolyte imbalance and describe how the patient would present, in addition to the treatment (nursing and expected medical)?
You should include a minimum of 3 scholarly references. Include a title page, in-text citations, and a reference page in APA format.
Module 08 – Fluid Imbalances
Scoring Rubric:
Criteria
Points
Describe what a fluid and electrolyte imbalance and how this is important to the function of the body?
3
Pick a fluid or electrolyte imbalance and describe how the patient would present, in addition to the treatment (nursing and expected medical)?
5
Grammar, APA and Organization
2
Total
10
Module 08 – Fluid ImbalancesScoring
Rubric:
Hypovolemia, normovolemia with fluid maldistribution, and hypervolemia can all cause fluid imbalance.
Trauma is one of the most common causes of hypovolemia, which is generally accompanied by a lot of blood loss.
Dehydration, which largely involves the loss of plasma rather than whole blood, is another prevalent reason.
Hypovolemia causes a decrease in circulating blood volume, decreased venous return, and, in severe cases, arterial hypotension.
Increased myocardial oxygen demand combined with decreased tissue perfusion can lead to cardiac failure.
Finally, anaerobic metabolism caused by decreased perfusion can cause acidosis, which can lead to multi-organ failure when combined with cardiac dysfunction.
The splanchnic organs are particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of hypotension and hypovolemic shock, and these consequences may be irreversible despite the restoration of normovolemia by fluid administration, depending on their duration and severity.
In the intensive care unit, central venous pressure monitors are commonly used to monitor patients, but in the operating room, suction devices are used to quantify blood volume deficit.
However, intraoperative blood loss estimations can be erroneous, resulting in improper fluid management.
Shock-specific microcirculatory abnormalities owing to hypovolemia, as well as pain and stress, can cause normovolemia with fluid maldistribution.
Vasoconstriction and decreased tissue driving pressure, as well as leukocyte and platelet adhesion and the release of humoral and cellular mediators, may limit or eliminate blood flow in some locations.
Multi-organ failure may be exacerbated by a localized perfusion deficit.
In this case, the choice of resuscitation fluid may be critical, as some evidence suggests that at least some colloids may be beneficial in reducing post-ischemic microvascular leukocyte adhesion.
Excessive fluid administration might result in fluid overload and pulmonary function impairment.
Even in the absence of significantly rising hydrostatic pressure, increased vascular permeability may allow fluid entry into the lungs in some pathologic situations, particularly sepsis and endotoxemia.
Systemic capillary leak syndrome is another disease linked to increased vascular permeability.
Based on current understanding of the pathophysiology of fluid imbalance, the primary goal of fluid management should be to guarantee adequate oxygen supply by optimizing blood oxygenation, perfusion pressure, and circulation volume.